Liquid personal cleansing composition

ABSTRACT

A stable, multiphase liquid isotropic cleansing composition is described that contains high levels of Petrolatum and shows a substantial decrease in reflectance compared with isotropic cleansing compositions containing other oils and liquid crystalline compositions with similar levels of oils. The inventive composition has a total of less than 2% by wt. of other oils such as glyceride, mineral and silicone oils, or blends thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

-   -   1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to liquid cleansing compositions suitablefor topical application for cleansing the human body, such as the skinand hair. In particular, it relates to a stable, multiphase isotropic orgel type (hereinafter “isotropic”) personal cleansing composition withlow reflectance that contains a petrolatum with a specific melting pointrange as the primary hydrophobic emollient.

-   -   2. Background of the Art

Commercially available liquid personal cleansing compositions i.e.shower gels, facial and hand cleansers that are rich in hydrophobicemollient oils are generally applied to simultaneously cleanse andmoisturize the skin. Liquid crystalline cleansing compositions canstructure substantial quantities of oils but are milky white inappearance which some users find unattractive. Isotropic cleansingcompositions are often transparent or otherwise low in reflectancepresenting an attractive appearance to many users but disadvantageouslycannot structure substantial levels of hydrophobic emollients to yield astable product for effective skin moisturization. A stable product isdefined herein as having no noticeable phase separation under thestability test conditions described below. Surprisingly, a stable,multiphase isotropic structured cleansing composition was discoveredthat has both an attractive lower reflectance, can also structuresubstantial levels of petrolatum wherein the petrolatum has a meltingpoint between 35 and 80 C. and a minimum viscosity of 10 Kps at 32 C.(hereinafter “Petrolatum”) for effective moisturization and wherein thecomposition must be free of other hydrophobic emollients above specificlevels to achieve its attractive appearance and unique Petrolatumparticle size distribution.

Isotropic liquid cleansers are known that have hydrophobic emollientoils. U.S. Pat. No. 6,001,344 issued on Dec. 14, 1999 to VIIIa et al.discloses an isotropic cleansing composition having large oil dropletsin the 1 to 500 micron range average diameter.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,854,293 and 6,066,608 issued on Dec. 29, 1998 and onMay 23, 2000 to Glenn Jr. respectively disclose a moisturizing liquidpersonal cleansing emulsion with at least 10% of its lipophilic skinmoisturizing agent droplets having a diameter of greater than 200microns. Glenn Jr. further discloses the use of stabilizers selectedfrom crystalline, hydroxyl-containing stabilizers, polymeric thickeners,C10-C18 diesters, amorphous silica or smectite clay.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,500 issued on Oct. 12, 1999 to Puvvada discloses astable, isotropic liquid cleansing composition containing high levels ofemollients equal to or in excess of the surfactant level. Thecomposition further contains C₂-C₂₄ fatty acids and/or cationic polymersin a preferred embodiment.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,661,189 issued on Aug. 26, 1997 to Grieveson et al.discloses an isotropic, aqueous liquid cleansing and moisturizingcomposition with a thickened benefit agent having a weight averageparticle size in the range of 50 to 500 microns and an optionalstructuring agent selected from clays, fatty acids and derivativesthereof, cross-linked polyacrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidone, natural gums,polysaccharide derivatives, polyols, polyol esters and inorganic salts.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,098,180 issued on Aug. 29, 2006 to Ganopolsky et al.discloses an isotropic cleansing composition containing anionic andamphoteric surfactants, and a hydrophobically modified crosslinked,anionic acrylic copolymer.

U.S. Patent Publication No. 2004/0121925 published on Jun. 24, 2004 toHarmalker discloses a stable isotropic cleansing composition containinganionic and amphoteric surfactants, xanthan and guar gum thickeners, anddispersed phase suspended particles of conditioning agents in the200-2500 micron diameter range and with a clarity of less than or equalto 20 NTU of the continuous phase absent the particles. The particlesconsist of gums, gelatins or the like and may contain oil(s) within theparticles.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,084,104 issued on Aug. 1, 2006 to Martin et al.discloses an isotropic cleansing composition containing anionic andamphoteric surfactants, a hydrophobically modified crosslinked, anionicacrylic copolymer thickener, volatile silicone conditioners andhumectants.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect of the invention is a stable, multiphase isotropiccleansing composition, including but not limited to:

a. about 99 to 84% by wt. of water based on the total composition;

b. about 1 to 16% by wt. of Petrolatum based on the total compositionwherein the Petrolatum has a melting point between 35 and 80 C. and aminimum viscosity of 10 Kps at 32 C;

c. wherein an aqueous phase includes about 1 to 25% by wt. of a non-soapanionic surfactant based on the total composition and about 1 to 20% bywt. of an amphoteric surfactant based on the total composition;

d. wherein the aqueous phase contains about 0.5 to 10% by wt. of totalpolymeric dispersion stabilizing agent(s) based on the totalcomposition;

e. less than about 2% by wt. of total hydrophobic glyceride(s),hydrocarbon(s) excluding Petrolatum, or silicone oils or blends andderivatives thereof based on the total composition; and

f. less than about 1.5% by wt. of total liquid crystallinestructurant(s), crystalline hydroxyl-containing stabilizer(s), C10-C22ethylene glycol fatty acid ester(s), silica(s), clay(s) or blendsthereof based on the total composition.

In another aspect of the invention is a process of preparing a stable,multiphase isotropic cleansing composition, including but not limited tothe steps of in no particular order:

a. blending water, surfactant(s), and polymeric dispersion stabilizingagent(s) until uniform to make an oil-free, transparent, isotropicaqueous preblend;

b. feeding the aqueous preblend into a blending tube, the aqueouspreblend moving through the blending tube at a rate from about 22.7 to113.7 kg (50-250 lbs.) per minute; and

c. feeding Petrolatum having a melting point between 35 and 80 C and aminimum viscosity of 10 Kps at 32 C. into the blending tube via amultiport injector (defined as having 2 or more conduit outlets) at arate sufficient to form a blend with a wt. % ratio range of about 1%Petrolatum to 99% aqueous preblend to about 16% Petrolatum to 84%aqueous preblend.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of a preferred embodiment ofthe inventive process.

FIG. 2 is a detailed, exploded, perspective view of a preferredembodiment of the multi-port valve 100 illustrated in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a graphical representation of the particle size distributionof particles in a control sample M, an inventive sample B and acomparative sample L described in example 3.

FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the particle size distributionof Petrolatum droplets in inventive examples B4 to B7 described inexample 4.

FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the particle size distributionof Petrolatum droplets in inventive examples B8 and B9 described inexample 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect of the invention is a stable, multiphase isotropiccleansing composition, including but not limited to:

a. about 99 to 84% by wt. of water based on the total composition;

b. about 1 to 16% by wt. of Petrolatum based on the total compositionwherein the Petrolatum has a melting point between 35 and 80 C. and aminimum viscosity of 10 Kps at 32 C.;

c. wherein an aqueous phase includes about 1 to 25% by wt. of a non-soapanionic surfactant based on the total composition (preferably with aminimum concentration of about 4, 8 or 12% by wt. and a maximumconcentration of about 16, 20 or 25% by wt.) and about 1 to 20% by wt.of an amphoteric surfactant based on the total composition (preferablywith a minimum concentration of about 2, 4 or 6% by wt. and a maximumconcentration of about 12, 16 or 20% by wt.);

d. wherein the aqueous phase contains about 0.5 to 10% by wt. of totalpolymeric dispersion stabilizing agent(s) based on the total composition(preferably with a minimum concentration of about 1.0, 1.5 or 2% by wt.and a maximum concentration of about 8 or 9% by wt.);

e. less than about 2% by wt. (preferably less than about 1.5. 1 or 0.5%by wt.) of total hydrophobic glyceride(s), hydrocarbon(s) excludingPetrolatum, or silicone oils or blends and derivatives thereof based onthe total composition; and

f. less than about 1.5% by wt. (preferably less than about 1.0 or 0.5%by wt.) of total liquid crystalline structurant(s), crystallinehydroxyl-containing stabilizer(s), C10-C22 ethylene glycol fatty acidester(s), silica(s), clay(s), optionally insoluble pigments, or blendsthereof based on the total composition.

A stable composition is herein defined as a product where there is noobserved phase separation after 3 months at storage temperatures ofeither 45 C., 37 C., 25 C., or 4 C., or after storage for 2 weeks at 50C. Preferably the Petrolatum is present in a minimum concentration ofabout 2.5, 3, 3.5 or 4% by wt. and in a maximum concentration of about4, 6, 8 or 12% by wt. More preferably the Petrolatum has a maximumviscosity of about 20 Kps, 35 Kps or 50 Kps at 32 C.

In a preferred embodiment the inventive cleansing composition containsonly an aqueous and an oil phase. Preferably the cleansing compositionhas a maximum reflectance of 80% as measured by the standard reflectancemethod described below. More preferably the maximum reflectance is 70,60 or 50%.

Advantageously the cleansing composition possesses greater than 50% byvolume of the Petrolatum phase particles with a diameter greater than50, 100, 150 or 200 microns as measured by the standard particle sizemethod. Preferably greater than 90% by volume of the Petrolatum phaseparticles have a diameter greater than 10, 20, 30 or 40 microns.

In another aspect of the invention is a process of preparing a stable,multiphase isotropic cleansing composition, including but not limited tothe steps of in no particular order:

a. blending water, surfactant(s), and polymeric dispersion stabilizingagent(s) until uniform to make an oil-free, transparent, isotropicaqueous preblend;

b. feeding the aqueous preblend into a blending tube, the aqueouspreblend moving through the blending tube at a rate from about 22.7 to113.7 kg (50-250 lbs.) per minute; and

c. feeding Petrolatum, having a melting point between 35 and 80 C. and aminimum viscosity of 10 Kps at 32 C., into the blending tube via amultiport injector at a rate sufficient to form a blend with a wt. %ratio range of about 1% Petrolatum to 99% aqueous preblend to about 16%Petrolatum to 84% aqueous preblend. The Petrolatum may be optionallyblended with other components to form a Petrolatum preblend prior tofeeding the Petrolatum into the aqueous preblend.

Preferably the temperature of the aqueous preblend is adjusted to about4° C. or less (preferably below 35 C. and most preferably about 32 C.)and the temperature of the Petrolatum is adjusted to 50 to 70 C. priorto being blended together. More preferably the Petrolatum is adjustedabove 50 C. or 55 C. and most preferably about 6° C. Most preferably thetemperature of the final product after blending does not exceed 37 C.

Advantageously the multiport injector has a minimum of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or8 conduit ports. In a preferred embodiment, the ports of the multiportinjector are arranged in a symmetric pattern. Preferably at the terminalpoints of a 3 or more pointed star oriented normal to the flow of theaqueous preblend and located along the periphery of a mixing conduit.More preferably the ports have a diameter in the range of about 2 to 20mm with a minimum diameter of about 4, 6 or 8 mm and a maximum diameterof about 18, 16, 14 or 12 mm. Most preferably the diameter is about 9mm.

Process Description:

The inventive composition is prepared in a preferred embodiment byinjection of Petrolatum or an optional nonaqueous preblend thereof intoan isotropic aqueous preblend using the process described below anddepicted in the process flow diagram of FIG. 1. The Petrolatum preblendconsists of Petrolatum and optionally active agents (as defined below)or other optional ingredients which may include particles such aspolyethylene or microthene or other particles or blends thereof that canbe stably dissolved or suspended in a Petrolatum matrix and which areeither not specifically excluded from the invention nor increase theproduct reflectance beyond 50, 60, 70 or 80 percent. The Petrolatum orPetrolatum preblend, when added to the aqueous preblend via injectionunder specified flow and temperature conditions, creates a Petrolatumparticle size distribution and product skin deposition properties noteasily or reproducibly attainable via batch processing. Multi-portinjection is used for injecting the Petrolatum preblend in a preferredembodiment and an example of a suitable eight port star-shaped injector100 is illustrated in FIG. 2. Other multi-port star or non-star shapedsymmetric or asymmetric configurations of ports may be advantageouslyused for dividing the Petrolatum or Petrolatum preblend into multiplestreams at the point where the Petrolatum is injected into the aqueousphase.

In another embodiment of the invention, a modified batch process may beused to prepare the isotropic aqueous phase, followed by Petrolatum or aPetrolatum preblend injection with controlled mixing within the batchtank. Over mixing results in opaque product appearance i.e. emulsified(very small) oil droplets whose average diameter is below 50, 30, 10 or1 micron and is typically in the sub-micron range. Such an over-mixedproduct will not have the advantageous particle size distribution,reflectance level or product performance attributes of the inventivecomposition.

The in-line injection embodiment with the use of multi-port injection isseen to achieve more consistent product attributes than batchprocessing. Another desirable feature observed with the inline injectionprocess illustrated in FIG. 1 are constant flow rates of each of theaqueous and Petrolatum preblend streams both prior to and after mixingat constant pressure. Constant flow rates are seen to minimize productparticle size distribution and reflectance variability.

In a preferred embodiment, the Petrolatum preblend tank 20 is hot waterjacketed for temperature control and agitator 24 consists of both anoffset mixer and a scrape wall mixer.

Multiport Injector 28 functions to subdivide Petrolatum preblend flowand break up the oil stream into droplets under specific temperature andflow conditions. The flow of liquid that passes through the injectordepends on system pressure, normally the difference in upstream pressureto the injector and discharge pressure (usually atmospheric). Forin-line injection, the flow can be calculated as follows:

GPM=K(Psig(upstream)−Psig(injector outlet))

-   -   K=constant for specific injector used.

Viscosity of the liquid stream will affect injector performance sincegenerally fluids with viscosities greater than 100 cps (at systemtemperature) are difficult to atomize except with air. Air is not usedfor atomization is the inventive process or with the inventive product.Preferably the viscosity range used herein is about 100 to 20,000 cps atthe process temperature used (measured e.g. with a Brookfield spindle 5at 20 rpm) In a preferred embodiment, the eight (8) port star shapedinjector depicted in FIG. 2 was observed to allow substantial Petrolatumpreblend droplet formation in the range of 100-1000 microns. Otherfeatures of this injector include a central orifice 120 surrounded byinjector ports 110 on the outlet end of conduit 130. Flange 140 ispositioned on the opposite end of conduit 130 and contains a concentricgroove (not shown) adapted to receive sealing gasket 160. Conduit 170has extension conduit 164 and flange 172 connected on a first end andflange 180 connected on a second end. Flange 172 contains a concentricgroove 174 adapted to receive sealing gasket 160. Extension conduit 164is sized to receive ball 150 and be received in conduit 130. In positiveflow operation, liquid flows through conduit 170, then through conduits164 and 130 whereby ball 150 moves to seal the central portion oforifice 120 while still permitting liquid flow through ports 110.

Droplet size formation for single fluid nozzles (non air systems) may bedetermined by the following equation for a modest change in systempressure (on the order of delta 40 PSIG).

D2/D1=(P2/P1)̂−0.3

Liquid specific gravity is known to affect liquid flow through theinjector nozzle. The following relationship exists between fluids withdifferent specific gravities (SG) where Q is given in units ofvolume/time.

Q1/Q2=(SG1/SG2)̂0.5

A specific increase in viscosity at injection is critical for dropletformation in the inventive process. The aqueous preblend flow (approx.95% of the total formula) provides the heat capacity necessary to coolthe Petrolatum preblend resulting in an increase in viscosity andfavoring Petrolatum droplet formation and larger particle sizes.

In a preferred embodiment of the process of FIG. 1, static mixers 56 areemployed to provide product uniformity i.e. droplet size distribution,regardless of flow rate, viscosity or density profiles. Static mixers 56contain elements that effectively mix where laminar flow conditionstypically exist such as in finished product transfer line 62. Althoughnot wishing to be bound by the following theoretical explanation, it isbelieved that laminar flow conditions will generate a velocity gradientwith maximum velocity at the center of a conventional open conduit.Petrolatum droplets being less dense in aqueous medium will tend tomigrate to the maximum velocity area. The mixing elements situated inthe center of static mixer 56 will disrupt this velocity gradient andthereby provide more complete final product homogeneity.

For static mixers such as the KMR-SAN6 (Chemineer Corp., Andover,Mass.), (M) is proportional to # of elements (N) according to thefollowing equation:

M=2̂N

As an example, two (2) static mixers with 6 elements per mixer providedsufficient mixing to achieve inventive product uniformity.

M=2̂12 or 4096 product stream splits.

Petrolatum Preblend Processing Steps (200 kg Batch)

-   -   1.) Now referring to FIG. 1, set the Petrolatum preblend Tank 20        hot water heater (not shown) to 60 C.    -   2.) Add 108.8 kg of Petrolatum to tank 20.    -   3.) Set tank agitator 24 to the following: Turbine-40 Htz        Scrapes-0 Htz    -   4.) Continue to heat Petrolatum preblend to 60 C. When        temperature reaches 57-60 C. polyethylene beads can optionally        be added. Add 38 kg of beads slowly—addition time approximately        2 minutes. As the beads are added increase turbine speed to        maximum without splashing oil phase.    -   5.) After the completion of optional bead addition, set        agitation as follows: Turbine-40 Htz Scrapes-Maximum. Mix at        these speeds for 2.0 minutes.    -   6.) After the completion of the 2.0 minute mix change agitator        24 to the following: Turbine-40 Htz Scrapes-80 Htz.    -   7.) Continue mixing and heating this preblend to 60 C.

Aqueous Base Processing Procedure (4000 kg Batch).

-   -   1.) 1600 kg of deionized water are added to base preparation        tank 30 and heated to 55 C.    -   2.) 240 kg of Carbopol Aqua SF-1 polymer is dissolved in the        water with agitation.    -   3.) 700 kg of a blend of SLES and OMEA (51.4% by wt. SLES, 6.67%        CMEA by wt.) with agitation using agitator 32 and blended for 20        minutes at 55 C.    -   4.) 240.4 kg of Cocamidopropyl Betaine, 2 kg of Tetrasodium        EDTA, 39%; 89 kg of deionized water, 6 kg of sodium hydroxide,        50% by wt.; and 925.66 kg of deionized water are added in        sequence with agitation until dissolved and the blend is then        cooled to 35 to 40 C.    -   5.) 7.2 kg of DMDM Hydantoin, 55%; 0.72 kg of Colorant Yellow,        40 kg of fragrance and 20 kg. of Captivates HC®1576 (Blue)        Yellow beads are next sequentially added and blended until        uniform.

Petrolatum Preblend Injection to Base Aqueous Phase

-   -   1.) Open Petrolatum preblend tank recirculation line 27.    -   2.) Disconnect the Petrolatum preblend recirculation line at the        tank top port 25 and place in a waste container.    -   3.) Open the side mounted Petrolatum preblend Tank valve 29.    -   4.) Set the Petrolatum preblend Pump 22 to 2.47 lbs/min.    -   5.) Turn on the Petrolatum preblend pump 22 to purge the line of        any water or mineral oil, and then turn of the pump.    -   6.) Immediately connect the recirculation line 27 to the top of        the Petrolatum preblend Tank 20 and turn on the Petrolatum        preblend Pump 22. Check to make sure the Petrolatum preblend is        recirculating back into the top of the tank 20. Both aqueous and        oil phases are now ready to be blended.    -   7.) Set the Base pump 42 at the desired transfer rate (For a        total rate of 50 lbs./min set the base pump 42 to 47.53        lbs./min. Check the Petrolatum preblend pump at the meter to be        sure it is recirculating at 2.47 lbs./min.    -   8.) Filler transfer line 62 should be purged for 3.0 minutes.    -   9.) Flow rates for both the Base Pump 42 and Petrolatum preblend        Pump 22 must be controlled to +/−3% of 47.53 lbs./min and to        +/−3% of 2.47 lbs./min respectively.    -   10.) The temperature of the Petrolatum preblend must be        controlled to +/−2 degrees C. with a set point of 60 C. and the        aqueous base must be 35 C or lower.    -   11.) The blending pressure (as measured with a pressure gauge        immediately after the static mixer elements (56) must be        maintained to 32 psi +/−3 psi.    -   12.) The pump pressure recorded at the output of hold tank pump        42 must be 80 psi or lower.

Surfactants:

Surfactants are an essential component of the inventive cleansingcomposition. They are compounds that have hydrophobic and hydrophilicportions that act to reduce the surface tension of the aqueous solutionsthey are dissolved in. Useful surfactants can include anionic, nonionic,amphoteric, and cationic surfactants, and blends thereof.

Anionic Surfactants:

The cleansing composition of the present invention contains one or morenon-soap anionic detergents. Non-soap anionic surfactants are preferablyused at levels as low as 1 or 4, 8 or 12% by wt. and at levels as highas 16, 20 or 25% by wt. Soaps are present at less than 0.1% by wt. andare preferably absent from the inventive cleansing composition due tothe requirement that the composition is neutral to slightly acid i.e.that the maximum pH is about 7.0, preferably about 6.8 or morepreferably about 6.5. The minimum pH is preferably about 3.5, morepreferably about 4.5 and most preferably about 5.5.

The anionic detergent active which may be used in the invention may bealiphatic sulfonates, such as a primary alkane (e.g., C₈-C₂₂) sulfonate,primary alkane (e.g., C₈-C₂₂) disulfonate, C₈-C₂₂ alkene sulfonate,C₈-C₂₂ hydroxyalkane sulfonate or alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS);or aromatic sulfonates such as alkyl benzene sulfonate. The anionic mayalso be an alkyl sulfate (e.g., C₁₂-C₁₈ alkyl sulfate) or alkyl ethersulfate (including alkyl glyceryl ether sulfates). Among the alkyl ethersulfates are those having the formula:

RO(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)SO₃M

wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl having 8 to 18 carbons, preferably 12to 18 carbons, n has an average value of greater than 1.0, preferablygreater than 3; and M is a

solubilizing cation such as sodium, potassium, ammonium or substitutedammonium. Ammonium and sodium lauryl ether sulfates are preferred.

The anionic may also be alkyl sulfosuccinates (including mono- anddialkyl, e.g., C₆-C₂₂ sulfosuccinates); alkyl and acyl taurates, alkyland acyl sarcosinates, sulfoacetates, C₈-C₂₂ alkyl phosphates andphosphates, alkyl phosphate esters and alkoxyl alkyl phosphate esters,acyl lactates, C₈-C₂₂ monoalkyl succinates and matleates,sulphoacetates, alkyl glucosides and acyl isethionates, and the like.

Sulfosuccinates may be monoalkyl sulfosuccinates having the formula:

R⁴O₂CCH₂CH(SO₃M)CO₂M; and

-   -   amide-MEA sulfosuccinates of the formula;

R⁴CONHCH₂CH₂O₂CCH₂CH(SO₃M)CO₂M

wherein R⁴ ranges from C₈-C₂₂ alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation.

-   -   Sarcosinates are generally indicated by the formula:

R¹CON(CH₃)CH₂CO₂M,

wherein R¹ ranges from C₈-C₂₀ alkyl and M is a solubilizing cation.

-   -   Taurates are generally identified by formula:

R²CONR³CH₂CH₂SO₃M

-   -   wherein R² ranges from C₈-C₂₀ alkyl, R³ ranges from C₁-C₄ alkyl        and M is a solubilizing cation.

The inventive cleansing composition may contain C₈-C₁₈ acylisethionates. These esters are prepared by reaction between alkali metalisethionate with mixed aliphatic fatty acids having from 6 to 18 carbonatoms and an iodine value of less than 20. At least 75% of the mixedfatty acids have from 12 to 18 carbon atoms and up to 25% have from 6 to10 carbon atoms.

The acyl isethionate may be an alkoxylated isethionate such as isdescribed in Ilardi et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,393,466, titled “Fatty AcidEsters of Polyalkoxylated isethonic acid; issued Feb. 28, 1995; herebyincorporated by reference. This compound has the general formula:

RC—O(O)—C(X)H—C(Y)H₂—(OCH—CH₂)_(m)—SO₃M⁺

wherein R is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbons, m is an integer from1 to 4, X and Y are hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons andM⁺ is a monovalent cation such as, for example, sodium, potassium orammonium.

Amphoteric Surfactants

One or more amphoteric surfactants are used in this invention.Amphoteric surfactants are preferably used at levels as low as 2, 4, or6% by wt. and at levels as high as 12, 16 or 20% by wt. Such surfactantsinclude at least one acid group. This may be a carboxylic or a sulphonicacid group. They include quaternary nitrogen and therefore arequaternary amido acids. They should generally include an alkyl oralkenyl group of 7 to 18 carbon atoms. They will usually comply with anoverall structural formula:

R¹—[—C(O)—NH(CH₂)_(n)—]_(m)—N⁺—(R²)(R³)X—Y

-   -   where R¹ is alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 18 carbon atoms;    -   R² and R³ are each independently alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or        carboxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms;    -   n is 2 to 4;    -   m is 0 to 1;    -   X is alkylene of 1 to 3 carbon atoms optionally substituted with        hydroxyl, and

Y is —CO₂— or —SO₃—

Suitable amphoteric surfactants within the above general formula includesimple betaines of formula:

R¹—N⁺—(R²)(R³)CH₂CO₂ ⁻

-   -   and amido betaines of formula:

R¹—CONH(CH₂)_(n)—N⁺—(R²)(R³)CH₂CO₂ ⁻

-   -   where n is 2 or 3.    -   In both formulae R¹, R² and R³ are as defined previously. R¹ may        in particular be a mixture of C₁₂ and C₁₄ alkyl groups derived        from coconut oil so that at least half, preferably at least        three quarters of the groups R¹ have 10 to 14 carbon atoms. R²        and R³ are preferably methyl.    -   A further possibility is that the amphoteric detergent is a        sulphobetaine of formula:

R¹—N⁺—(R²)(R³)(CH₂)₃SO₃ ⁻

Or

R¹—CONH(CH₂)_(m)—N⁺—(R²)(R³)(CH₂)₃SO₃ ⁻

-   -   where m is 2 or 3, or variants of these in which —(CH₂)₃ SO₃— is        replaced by

—CH₂C(OH)(H)CH₂SO₃ ⁻

-   -   In these formulae R¹, R² and R³ are as discussed previously.

Amphoacetates and diamphoacetates are also intended to be covered inpossible zwitterionic and/or amphoteric compounds which may be used suchas e.g., sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, and blendsthereof, and the like.

The combination of total non-soap anionic, nonionic, amphotericsurfactants and polymeric dispersion stabilizing agents(s) (discussedbelow) should preferably be about 5 to 30% by wt. of the composition.

Nonionic Surfactants

One or more nonionic surfactants may be used in the cleansingcomposition of the present invention. Nonionic surfactants arepreferably used at levels as low as 0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2% by wt. and atlevels as high as 6, 8, 10 or 12% by wt. The nonionics which may be usedinclude in particular the reaction products of compounds having ahydrophobic group and a reactive hydrogen atom, for example aliphaticalcohols, acids, amides or alkylphenols with alkylene oxides, especiallyethylene oxide either alone or with propylene oxide. Specific nonionicdetergent compounds are alkyl (C₆-C₂₂) phenols ethylene oxidecondensates, the condensation products of aliphatic (C₈-C₁₈) primary orsecondary linear or branched alcohols with ethylene oxide, and productsmade by condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction products ofpropylene oxide and ethylenediamine. Other so-called nonionic detergentcompounds include long chain tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiaryphosphine oxides and dialkyl sulphoxide, and the like.

Preferred nonionic surfactants include fatty acid/alcohol ethoxylateshaving the following structures

HOCH2(CH2)n(CH2CH2O)xH or  a)

HOOC(CH2)m(CH2CH2O)yH;  b)

where m, n are independently <18; and x, y are independently >1.preferably m, n are independently 6 to 18; x, y are independently 1 to30;

HOOC(CH2)i-CH═CH—(CH2)k(CH2CH2O)zH;  c)

where i, k are independently 5 to 15; and z is independently 5 to 50.preferably i, k are independently 6 to 12; and z is independently 15 to35.

The nonionic may also include a sugar amide, such as a polysaccharideamide. Specifically, the surfactant may be one of the lactobionamidesdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,389,279 to Au et al. titled “CompositionsComprising Nonionic Glycolipid Surfactants issued Feb. 14, 1995; whichis hereby incorporated by reference or it may be one of the sugar amidesdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,009,814 to Kelkenberg, titled “Use ofN-Poly Hydroxyalkyl Fatty Acid Amides as Thickening Agents for LiquidAqueous Surfactant Systems” issued Apr. 23, 1991; hereby incorporatedinto the subject application by reference.

Cationic Skin Conditioning Agents

A useful component in compositions according to the invention is acationic skin feel agent or polymer, such as for example cationiccelluloses. Cationic polymers are preferably used at levels as low asabout 0.1 to 2% up to levels as high as the solubility limit of thespecific polymer, or preferably up to about 4 to 5% by wt., providedthat the solubility limit of the particular cationic polymer or blendthereof is not exceeded.

Cationic cellulose is available from Amerchol Corp. (Edison, N.J., USA)in their Polymer JR (trade mark) and LR (trade mark) series of polymers,as salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with trimethyl ammoniumsubstituted epoxide, referred to in the industry (CTFA) asPolyquaternium 10. Another type of cationic cellulose includes thepolymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reactedwith lauryl dimethyl ammonium-substituted epoxide, referred to in theindustry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 24. These materials are available fromAmerchol Corp. (Edison, N.J., USA) under the tradename Polymer LM-200.

A particularly suitable type of cationic polysaccharide polymer that canbe used is a cationic guar gum derivative, such as guarhydroxypropyltrimonium chloride (Commercially available fromRhone-Poulenc in their JAGUAR trademark series). Examples are JAGUARC13S, which has a low degree of substitution of the cationic groups andhigh viscosity, JAGUAR C15, having a moderate degree of substitution anda low viscosity, JAGUAR C17 (high degree of substitution, highviscosity), JAGUAR C16, which is a hydroxypropylated cationic guarderivative containing a low level of substituent groups as well ascationic quaternary ammonium groups, and JAGUAR 162 which is a hightransparency, medium viscosity guar having a low degree of substitution.

Particularly preferred cationic polymers are JAGUAR C13S, JAGUAR C15,JAGUAR C17 and JAGUAR C16 and JAGUAR C162, especially JAGUAR C13S, andJAGUAR C-14/BFG. The JAGUAR C14/BFG material is the same molecule asJAGUAR C13, except that a glyoxal cross linker has replaced the boron.Other cationic skin feel agents known in the art may be used providedthat they are compatible with the inventive formulation.

Other suitable examples of surfactants described above which may be usedare described in “Surface Active Agents and Detergents” (Vol. I & II) bySchwartz, Perry & Berch, incorporated into the subject application byreference in its entirety.

In addition, the inventive cleansing composition of the invention mayinclude 0 to 15% by wt. optional ingredients as follows: perfumes;sequestering agents, such as tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate(EDTA), EHDP or mixtures in an amount of 0.01 to 1%, preferably 0.01 to0.05%; and soluble coloring agents, and the like; all of which areuseful in enhancing the appearance or cosmetic properties of theproduct.

The compositions may further comprise antimicrobials such as2-hydroxy-4,2′,4′trichlorodiphenylether (DP300); preservatives such asdimethyloldimethylhydantoin (Glydant XL1000), parabens, sorbic acidetc., and the like.

The compositions may also comprise coconut acyl mono- or diethanolamides as suds boosters, and strongly ionizing salts such as sodiumchloride and sodium sulfate may also be used to advantage. Preferablystrongly ionizing salts, otherwise known as electrolytes, will bepresent at less than 3, 2 or 1% by wt.

Antioxidants such as, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) andthe like may be used advantageously in amounts of about 0.01% or higherif appropriate.

Emollients

The term “emollient” is defined as a substance which softens or improvesthe elasticity, appearance, and youthfulness of the skin (stratumcorneum) by either increasing its water content, adding, or replacinglipids and other skin nutrients; or both, and keeps it soft by retardingthe decrease of its water content.

Moisturizers that also are Humectants such as polyhydric alcohols, e.g.glycerin and propylene glycol, and the like; and polyols such as thepolyethylene glycols and the like may be used as hydrophilic emollients.Humectants are preferably used at levels as low as 1, 3 or 5% by wt. andat levels as high as 6, 8 or 10% by wt.

Petrolatum is used in the invention, preferably at levels as low as 1, 3or 4% by wt. and at levels as high as 5, 6, 8, 12 or 16% by wt.Petrolatum is defined as a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons derived frompetroleum having a melting point between 35 and 80 C. (as determined byASTM D127-08, “Standard Test Method for prop Melting Point of PetroleumWax, including Petrolatum”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pa.)and a minimum viscosity of 10 Kps at 32 C. Preferably it has a viscosityrange of 10 to 35 Kps at 32 C. More preferably the upper limit ofviscosity is 25 or 50 Kps at 32 C.

Other non-Petrolatum hydrophobic emollients are preferably present attotal levels of less than about 1.5, 1.0, or 0.5% by wt. in theinventive composition and are more preferably absent from thecomposition. These hydrophobic emollients include but are not limited tothe following:

(a) silicone oils and modifications thereof such as linear and cyclicpolydimethylsiloxanes; amino, alkyl, alkylaryl, and aryl silicone oils;

(b) fats and oils including natural fats and oils such as jojoba,soybean, sunflower, rice bran, avocado, almond, olive, sesame, persic,castor, coconut, mink oils; cacao fat; beef tallow, lard; hardened oilsobtained by hydrogenating the aforementioned oils; and synthetic mono,di and triglycerides such as myristic acid glyceride and 2-ethylhexanoicacid glyceride;

(c) waxes such as carnauba, spermaceti, beeswax, lanolin, andderivatives thereof;

(d) hydrophobic and hydrophillic plant extracts;

(e) non-Petrolatum hydrocarbons such as polybutene, liquid paraffins,microcrystalline wax, ceresin, squalene, pristan and mineral oil;

(f) higher fatty acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic,behenic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, lanolic, isostearic, arachidonicand poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA);

(g) higher alcohols such as lauryl, cetyl, stearyl, oleyl, behenyl,cholesterol and 2-hexydecanol alcohol;

(h) esters such as cetyl octanoate, myristyl lactate, cetyl lactate,isopropyl myristate, myristyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyladipate, butyl stearate, decyl oleate, cholesterol isostearate, glycerolmonostearate, glycerol distearate, glycerol tristearate, alkyl lactate,alkyl citrate and alkyl tartrate;

(i) essential oils and extracts thereof such as mentha, jasmine,camphor, white cedar, bitter orange peel, ryu, turpentine, cinnamon,bergamot, citrus unshiu, calamus, pine, lavender, bay, clove, hiba,eucalyptus, lemon, starflower, thyme, peppermint, rose, sage, sesame,ginger, basil, juniper, lemon grass, rosemary, rosewood, avocado, grape,grapeseed, myrrh, cucumber, watercress, calendula, elder flower,geranium, linden blossom, amaranth, seaweed, ginko, ginseng, carrot,guarana, tea tree, jojoba, comfrey, oatmeal, cocoa, neroli, vanilla,green tea, penny royal, aloe Vera, menthol, cineole, eugenol, citral,citronelle, borneol, linalool, geraniol, evening primrose, camphor,thymol, spirantol, penene, limonene and terpenoid oils;

(j) mixtures of any of the foregoing components, and the like.

Isotropic Micellar Phase Compositions:

The inventive cleansing composition possesses isotropic micellar phasemicrostructure. The rheological behavior of all surfactant solutions,including liquid cleansing solutions, is strongly dependent on themicrostructure, i.e., the shape and concentration of micelles or otherself-assembled structures in solution.

When there is sufficient surfactant to form micelles (concentrationsabove the critical micelle concentration or CMC), for example,spherical, cylindrical (rod-like or discoidal), spherocylindrical, orellipsoidal micelles may form. As surfactant concentration increases,ordered liquid crystalline phases such as lamellar phase, hexagonalphase, cubic phase or L3 sponge phase may form. The non-isotropichexagonal phase, consists of long cylindrical micelles arranged in ahexagonal lattice. In general, the microstructure of most personal careproducts consist of either an isotropic dispersion including sphericalmicelles; and rod micelles; or an ordered liquid crystalline phase suchas a lamellar dispersion.

As noted above, micelles may be spherical or rod-like. Formulationshaving spherical micelles tend to have a low viscosity and exhibitNewtonian shear behavior (i.e., viscosity stays constant as a functionof shear rate; thus, if easy pouring of product is desired, the solutionis less viscous. In these systems, the viscosity increases linearly withsurfactant concentration.

Rod micellar solutions are more viscous because movement of the longermicelles is restricted. At a critical shear rate, the micelles align andthe solution becomes shear thinning. Addition of salts increases thesize of the rod micelles thereof increasing zero shear viscosity (i.e.,viscosity when sitting in bottle) which helps suspend particles but alsoincreases critical shear rate (point at which product becomes shearthinning; higher critical shear rates means that the product is moredifficult to pour).

Lamellar and other liquid crystalline dispersions are not part of theinvention. Such dispersions differ from both spherical and rod-likemicelles because they can have high zero shear viscosity (because of theclose packed arrangement of constituent lamellar droplets), yet thesesolutions are very shear thinning (readily dispense on pouring). Thatis, the solutions can become thinner than rod micellar solutions atmoderate shear rates.

One way of characterizing isotropic micellar dispersions (hereinafter“isotropic compositions”) include cone and plate viscosity measurementas described below. The inventive isotropic composition has a viscosityin the range of about 500 to about 300,000 cps @ 1/sec shear rate at 25C. as measured by a cone and plate technique described below. Preferablythe viscosity is in the range of about 1,000 to 20,000 cps at 25 C.

Polymeric Dispersion Stabilizing Agent(s):

Water soluble or dispersible polymeric dispersion agents are included inthe inventive composition. Suitable agents include carbohydrate gumssuch as cellulose gum, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose gel,hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethyl carboxymethyl cellulose,carrageenan, hydroxymethyl carboxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose,ethyl cellulose, guar gum, gum karaya, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, gumacacia, gum agar, xanthan gum and mixtures thereof.

Preferred carbohydrate gums are Hydroxypropyl Methocellulose such asMethocel® 40-100 and Methocel 40-202 (Dow Chemicals, Midland, Mich.),Sodium Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate such as Pure-Gel B990 (GrainProcessing Corp., Muscatine, Iowa), and Xanthan Gum such as Keltrol CG(CPKelco, Atlanta, Ga.).

Suitable polymeric dispersion agents also include acrylate containinghomo and copolymers such as the crosslinked poly acrylates availableunder the CARBOPOL trade name, the hydrophobically modified cross linkedpolyacrylates available under the AQUA trade name, and the PEMULEN tradename (all sold by Lubrizol Company, Wickliffe, Ohio) and the alkaliswellable acrylic latex polymers sold by Rohm and Haas

(Philadelphia, Pa.) under the ARYSOL or ACULYN trade names. Preferredacrylates are the Aqua SF-1® and Carbopol Ultrez 21® polymers.

Liquid Crystalline, Clay and Silica Structuring Agents:

Structuring agent(s) that assist in the formation of liquid crystallinenetwork structures such as a lamellar structure as discussed above andinsoluble agents such as clays and silicas, that form or assist informing colloidal or other networks in surfactant solutions, are presentat less than 1.5, 1 or 0.5% by wt. total concentration and preferablyare not present in the inventive composition. Excluded liquidcrystalline structuring agents include but are not limited to saturatedC₁₄ to C₃₀ fatty alcohols, saturated C₁₆ to C₃₀ fatty alcoholscontaining from about 1 to about 5 moles of ethylene oxide, saturatedC₁₆ to C₃₀ diols, saturated C₁₆ to C₃₀ monoglycerol ethers, saturatedC₁₆ to C₃₀ hydroxy fatty acids, C₁₄ to C₃₀ hydroxylated andnonhydroxylated saturated fatty acids, C₁₄ to C₃₀ saturated ethoxylatedfatty acids, amines and alcohols containing from about 1 to about 5moles of ethylene oxide diols, C₁₄ to C₃₀ saturated glyceryl mono esterswith a monoglyceride content of at least 40%, C₁₄ to C₃₀ saturatedpolyglycerol esters having from about 1 to about 3 alkyl group and fromabout 2 to about 3 saturated glycerol units, C₁₄ to C₃₀ glyceryl monoethers, C₁₄ to C₃₀ sorbitan mono/diesters, C₁₄ to C₃₀ saturatedethoxylated sorbitan mono/diesters with about 1 to about 5 moles ofethylene oxide, C₁₄ to C₃₀ saturated methyl glucoside esters, C₁₄ to C₃₀saturated sucrose mono/diesters, C₁₄ to C₃₀ saturated ethoxylated methylglucoside esters with about 1 to about 5 moles of ethylene oxides C₁₄ toC₃₀ saturated polyglucosides having an average of between 1 to 2 glucoseunits and mixtures thereof. The foregoing structuring agent(s) includethose having an HLB of from about 1 to about 8 and having a meltingpoint of at least about 45° C.

Additional examples of comparative liquid crystalline structuring agentsinclude but are not limited to stearic acid, palmitic acid, stearylalcohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, stearic acid, palmitic acid,the polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol having an average ofabout 1 to about 5 ethylene oxide units, the polyethylene glycol etherof cetyl alcohol having an average of about 1 to about 5 ethylene oxideunits, and mixtures thereof. Also included are stearyl alcohol, cetylalcohol, behenyl alcohol, the polyethylene glycol ether of stearylalcohol having an average of about 2 ethylene oxide units (steareth-2),the polyethylene glycol ether of cetyl alcohol having an average ofabout 2 ethylene oxide units, and mixtures thereof.

Other comparative liquid crystalline structuring agents include but arenot limited to crystalline, hydroxyl-containing stabilizers such as ahydroxyl-containing fatty acid, fatty ester or fatty soapwater-insoluble wax-like substance or the like.

For example, the crystalline, hydroxy containing stabilizer may beselected from the group consisting of:

CH₂(OR₁)CH₂(OR₂)CH₂(OR₃)  (i)

Wherein R₁ is —COR₄(CHOH)_(x)R₅(CHOH)_(Y)R₄;

wherein

R₁ is —C—R₄(CHOH)_(x)R₅(CHOH)_(y)R₆;

R₂ is R₁ or H

R₃ is R₁ or H

R₄ is C₀₋₂₀Alkyl

R₅ is C₀₋₂₀Alkyl,

R₆ is C₀₋₂₀Alkyl

R₄+R₅+R₆=C₁₀₋₂₂

and wherein 1<=x+y<=4;

R₇COOM  (ii)

wherein

R₇ is —R₄(CHOH)_(x)R₅(CHOH)_(y)R₆

M is Na⁺, K⁺ or Mg⁺⁺, or H; and

iii) mixtures thereof;

Other comparative hydroxyl-containing stabilizers include but are notlimited to 12-hydroxystearic acid, 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid,tri-9,10-dihydroxystearin and tri-12-hydroxystearin (hydrogenated castoroil is mostly tri-12-hydroxystearin).

Also included in this class of comparative structurants are C10-C22ethylene glycol fatty acid esters.

As discussed above, clay, silica and other particle based comparativestructuring agent(s) are present at less than 1.5, 1 or 0.5% by wt. andpreferably are not present in the inventive composition. These agentsinclude but are not limited to dispersed amorphous silica selected fromthe group consisting of fumed silica and precipitated silica andmixtures thereof. As used herein the term “dispersed amorphous silica”refers to small, finely divided non-crystalline silica having a meanagglomerate particle size of less than about 100 microns.

Other examples of comparative structurants include but are not limitedto dispersed smectite clay including bentonite and hectorite andmixtures thereof. Bentonite is a colloidal aluminum clay sulfate.Hectorite is a clay containing sodium, magnesium, lithium, silicon,oxygen, hydrogen and fluorine.

Optional Active Agents

Advantageously, active agents other than conditioning agents such asemollients or moisturizers defined above may be added to the cleansingcomposition in a safe and effective amount during formulation to treatthe skin during the use of the product provided that they do not exceedsolubility limits whereby the reflectance increases beyond 80% in thecleansing composition. Suitable active ingredients include those thatare soluble in the aqueous phase, in the Petrolatum phase or in bothphases. Suitable active agents may be advantageously selected fromantimicrobial and antifungal actives, vitamins, anti-acne actives;anti-wrinkle, anti-skin atrophy and skin repair actives; skin barrierrepair actives; non-steroidal cosmetic soothing actives; artificialtanning agents and accelerators; skin lightening actives; sunscreenactives; sebum stimulators; sebum inhibitors; anti-oxidants; proteaseinhibitors; skin tightening agents; anti-itch ingredients; hair growthinhibitors; 5-alpha reductase inhibitors; desquamating enzyme enhancers;anti-glycation agents; topical anesthetics, or mixtures thereof; and thelike.

These active agents may be selected from water soluble active agents,oil soluble active agents, pharmaceutically-acceptable salts andmixtures thereof. Advantageously the agents will be soluble ordispersible in the cleansing composition. The term “active agent” asused herein, means personal care actives which can be used to deliver abenefit to the skin and/or hair and which generally are not used toconfer a conditioning benefit, as is conferred by humectants andemollients previously described herein. The term “safe and effectiveamount” as used herein, means an amount of active agent high enough tomodify the condition to be treated or to deliver the desired skin carebenefit, but low enough to avoid serious side effects. The term“benefit,” as used herein, means the therapeutic, prophylactic, and/orchronic benefits associated with treating a particular condition withone or more of the active agents described herein. What is a safe andeffective amount of the active agent ingredient will vary with thespecific active agent, the ability of the active to penetrate throughthe skin, the age, health condition, and skin condition of the user, andother like factors. Preferably the composition of the present inventioncomprise from about 0.01% to about 50%, more preferably from about 0.05%to about 25%, even more preferably 0.1% to about 10%, and mostpreferably 0.1% % to about 5%, by weight of the active agent component.

Anti-acne actives can be effective in treating acne vulgaris, a chronicdisorder of the pilosebaceous follicles. Nonlimiting examples of usefulanti-acne actives include the keratolytics such as salicylic acid(o-hydroxybenzoic acid), derivatives of salicylic acid such as5-octanoyl salicylic acid and 4 methoxysalicylic acid, and resorcinol;retinoids such as retinoic acid and its derivatives (e.g., cis andtrans); sulfur-containing D and L amino acids and their derivatives andsalts, particularly their N-acetyl derivatives, mixtures thereof and thelike.

Antimicrobial and antifungal actives can be effective to prevent theproliferation and growth of bacteria and fungi. Nonlimiting examples ofantimicrobial and antifungal actives include b-lactam drugs, quinolonedrugs, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, amikacin,2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4′-trichlorobanilide,phenoxyethanol, triclosan; triclocarban; and mixtures thereof and thelike.

Anti-wrinkle, anti-skin atrophy and skin repair actives can be effectivein replenishing or rejuvenating the epidermal layer. These activesgenerally provide these desirable skin care benefits by promoting ormaintaining the natural process of desquamation. Nonlimiting examples ofantiwrinkle and anti-skin atrophy actives include vitamins, minerals,and skin nutrients such as milk, vitamins A, E, and K; vitamin alkylesters, including vitamin C alkyl esters; magnesium, calcium, copper,zinc and other metallic components; retinoic acid and its derivatives(e.g., cis and trans); retinal; retinol; retinyl esters such as retinylacetate, retinyl palmitate, and retinyl propionate; vitamin B 3compounds (such as niacinamide and nicotinic acid), alpha hydroxy acids,beta hydroxy acids, e.g. salicylic acid and derivatives thereof (such as5-octanoyl salicylic acid, heptyloxy 4 salicylic acid, and 4-methoxysalicylic acid); mixtures thereof and the like.

Skin barrier repair actives are those skin care actives which can helprepair and replenish the natural moisture barrier function of theepidermis. Nonlimiting examples of skin barrier repair actives includelipids such as cholesterol, ceramides, sucrose esters andpseudo-ceramides as described in European Patent Specification No.556,957; ascorbic acid; biotin; biotin esters; phospholipids, mixturesthereof, and the like.

Non-steroidal cosmetic soothing actives can be effective in preventingor treating inflammation of the skin. The soothing active enhances theskin appearance benefits of the present invention, e.g., such agentscontribute to a more uniform and acceptable skin tone or color.Nonlimiting examples of cosmetic soothing agents include the followingcategories; propionic acid derivatives; acetic acid derivatives; fenamicacid derivatives; mixtures thereof and the like. Many of these cosmeticsoothing actives are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,985,459 to Sunshine etal., issued Jan. 15, 1991, incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

Artificial tanning actives can help in simulating a natural suntan byincreasing melanin in the skin or by producing the appearance ofincreased melanin in the skin. Nonlimiting examples of artificialtanning agents and accelerators include dihydroxyacetaone; tyrosine;tyrosine esters such as ethyl tyrosinate and glucose tyrosinate;mixtures thereof, and the like.

Skin lightening actives can actually decrease the amount of melanin inthe skin or provide such an effect by other mechanisms. Nonlimitingexamples of skin lightening actives useful herein include aloe extract,alpha-glyceryl-L-ascorbic acid, aminotyroxine, ammonium lactate,glycolic acid, hydroquinone, 4 hydroxyanisole, mixtures thereof, and thelike.

Also useful herein are sunscreen actives. A wide variety of sunscreenagents are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,087,445, to Haffey et al.,issued Feb. 11, 1992; U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,372, to Turner et al., issuedDec. 17, 1991; U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,371, to Turner et al. issued Dec. 17,1991; and Segarin, et al., at Chapter VIII, pages 189 et seq., ofCosmetics Science and Technology, all of which are incorporated hereinby reference in their entirety. Nonlimiting examples of sunscreens whichare useful in the compositions of the present invention are thoseselected from the group consisting of octyl methoxyl cinnamate (ParsolMCX) and butyl methoxy benzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), 2-ethylhexylp-methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl N,N-dimethyl-p-aminobenzoate,p-aminobenzoic acid, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, oxybenzone,mixtures thereof, and the like.

Sebum stimulators can increase the production of sebum by the sebaceousglands. Nonlimiting examples of sebum stimulating actives includebryonolic acid, dehydroetiandrosterone (DHEA), orizanol, mixturesthereof, and the like.

Sebum inhibitors can decrease the production of sebum by the sebaceousglands. Nonlimiting examples of useful sebum inhibiting actives includealuminum hydroxy chloride, corticosteroids, dehydroacetic acid and itssalts, dichlorophenyl imidazoldioxolan (available from Elubiol),mixtures thereof, and the like.

Also useful as actives in the present invention are protease inhibitors.Protease inhibitors can be divided into two general classes: theproteinases and the peptidases. Proteinases act on specific interiorpeptide bonds of proteins and peptidases act on peptide bonds adjacentto a free amino or carboxyl group on the end of a protein and thuscleave the protein from the outside. The protease inhibitors suitablefor use in the present invention include, but are not limited to,proteinases such as serine proteases, metalloproteases, cysteineproteases, and aspartyl protease, and peptidases, such ascarboxypepidases, dipeptidases and aminopepidases, mixtures thereof andthe like.

Other useful as active ingredients in the present invention are skintightening agents. Nonlimiting examples of skin tightening agents whichare useful in the compositions of the present invention include monomerswhich can bind a polymer to the skin such as terpolymers ofvinylpyrrolidone, (meth)acrylic acid and a hydrophobic monomer comprisedof long chain alkyl (meth)acrylates, mixtures thereof, and the like.

Active ingredients in the present invention may also include anti-itchingredients. Suitable examples of anti-itch ingredients which are usefulin the compositions of the present invention include hydrocortisone,methdilizine and trimeprazineare, mixtures thereof, and the like.

Nonlimiting examples of hair growth inhibitors which are useful in thecompositions of the present invention include 17 beta estradiol, antiangiogenic steroids, curcuma extract, cycloxygenase inhibitors, eveningprimrose oil, linoleic acid and the like. Suitable 5-alpha reductaseinhibitors such as ethynylestradiol and, genistine mixtures thereof, andthe like.

Nonlimiting examples of desquamating enzyme enhancers which are usefulin the compositions of the present invention include alanine, asparticacid, N methyl serine, serine, trimethyl glycine, mixtures thereof, andthe like.

A nonlimiting example of an anti-glycation agent which is useful in thecompositions of the present invention would be Amadorine (available fromBarnet Products Distributor), and the like.

The invention will now be described in greater detail by way of thefollowing non-limiting examples. The examples are for illustrativepurposes only and not intended to limit the invention in any way.Physical test methods are described below:

Except in the operating and comparative examples, or where otherwiseexplicitly indicated, all numbers in this description indicating amountsor ratios of materials or conditions or reaction, physical properties ofmaterials and/or use are to be understood as modified by the word“about”.

Where used in the specification, the term “comprising” is intended toinclude the presence of stated features, integers, steps, components,but not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more features,integers, steps, components or groups thereof.

All percentages in the specification and examples are intended to be byweight unless stated otherwise.

EXAMPLE 1

The effect of mixing intensity and aqueous base temperature onreflectance and particle size was studied for compositions having 2, 4,6 and 8% by wt. respectively of Petrolatum (Inventive Samples A-D). Thesamples were prepared according to the procedures listed below. Tables1A and 2A list the reflectance of samples prepared with low intensitymixing. Similarly, Tables 1B and 2B list the particle size of samplesprepared with high intensity mixing (200 rpm). The composition ofsamples A-D is shown in Table 3. Compositions A-D were found to providegenerally low reflectance and relatively large average particle sizecompared to the comparative example(s) shown in Example 2 below.

TABLE 1A Reflectance (%) Base Temp. A B C D 43.3 C. 45.57 54.77 57.4961.87 37.8 C. 45.12 50.54 53.77 50.17 32.2 C. 45.02 43.66 44.03 45.08

TABLE 1B Particle Size (microns) Sample Base A B Temp. d(0.1) d(0.5)d(0.9) d(0.1) d(0.5) d(0.9) 43.3 C. 13.08 53.93 113.68 15.7 47.95 316.7437.8 C. 6.58 105.34 665.2 16.86 65.93 532.11 32.2 C. 2.79 94.3 861.92.85 74.85 639.97 Sample Base C D Temp d(0.1) d(0.5) d(0.9) d(0.1)d(0.5) d(0.9) 43.3 C. 17.31 56.86 224.72 22.53 55.18 149.26 37.8 C.12.78 53.07 411.61 33.18 204.6 1031.88 32.2 C. 3.18 102.89 692.34 45.35308.9 1011.31 Notes: d(0.1) means 10% by volume of particles are smallerand 90% by volume of particles are larger. d(0.5) means 50% by volume ofparticles are smaller and 50% by volume of particles are larger. d(0.9)means 90% by volume of particles are smaller and 10% by volume ofparticles are larger.

TABLE 2A Reflectance (%) Base Temp. A B C D 43.3 C. 46.85 58.07 66.4668.13 37.8 C. 50.29 53.48 51.56 58.53 32.2 C. 44.63 43.52 46.26 50.88

TABLE 2B Particle Size (microns) Base Temp. d(0.1) d(0.5) d(0.9) d(0.1)d(0.5) d(0.9) A B 43.3 C. 16.16 71.6 481.62 16.35 57.41 233.34 37.8 C.17.12 55.61 254.54 19.06 74.97 693.42 32.2 C. 6.15 102.68 973.39 52.13414.43 1026.47 C D 43.3 C. 13.01 38.6 93.22 17.48 48.91 110.64 37.8 C.22.82 122.13 609.97 19.17 67.8 406.55 32.2 C. 80.66 387.82 989.47 46.76284.73 862.28

TABLE 3 Concentration (% by wt.) Component A B C D SLES (1) 9.00 9.009.00 9.00 CMEA (2) 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 Cocamidopropyl 1.70 1.70 1.701.70 Betaine Acrylate 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 Copolymer (3) Sodium 0.1 0.1 0.10.1 Hydroxide Petrolatum (4) 2 4 6 8 Fragrance 1 1 1 1 Preservatives, 22 2 2 others (5) Water q.s. to 100 q.s. to 100 q.s. to 100 q.s. to 100Notes: (1) Sodium Laureth Sulfate (Steol CS170, Stepan, Northfield,Illinois) (2) Cocamide MEA (Mackamide MEA, McIntyre Group, UniversityPark, Illinois) (3). Aqua SF-1, Lubrizol, Wickliffe, Ohio (4) Snow WhitePetrolatum, Penreco (Woodlands, Texas), melting point 51.67 to 57.22° C.(125/135° F.), Viscosity 28.8 Kps Brookfield, Spindle 5, 20 rpm @ 32 C.(5) includes colors, active agents, beads, etc.

EXAMPLE 2

Comparative cleansing compositions E-K were formulated according toTable 4 using the procedure listed below and their reflectance weremeasured and compared to Inventive sample B1. Sample B1 is identical incomposition to sample B shown in example 1 and is prepared the same wayexcept that an aqueous base temperature of 32.2 C. was used when theaqueous base was added to the oil phase. The comparative formulasincluded C12 and C18 fatty acids (i.e. E and F), and non-Petrolatum oilswhich are outside the definition of Petrolatum (i.e. G to K). All thecomparative examples showed substantially greater reflectance than B1.

TABLE 4 Concentration (% by wt.) Component B1 E F G H I J K SLES (1)9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 CMEA (2) 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.151.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 Cocamidopropyl 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.701.70 Betaine Acrylate Copolymer (3) 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8Sodium Hydroxide 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Lauric Acid 0 4 0 0 0 00 0 Stearic Acid 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 Mineral Oil 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 Soybean Oil0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 Carnauba Wax (4) 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 Versagel M 500 (5) 0 00 0 0 0 4 0 Petrolatum (6) 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Petrolatum Jelly White (7) 00 0 0 0 0 0 4 Fragrance 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Preservatives, others (8) 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 Water q.s. to q.s. to q.s. to q.s. to q.s. to q.s. to q.s. toq.s. to 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Reflectance (%) 44.03 64.9660.01 71.65 75.65 63.56 56.47 73.87 Notes: (1) Sodium Laureth Sulfate(Steol CS170, Stepan, Northfield, Illinois) (2) Mackamide MEA (McIntyre,University Park, Illinois) (3) Aqua SF-1, Lubrizol (Wickliffe, Ohio) (4)Carnauba Wax (Rita Corporation, Crystal Lake, Illinois) (5) Mineral Oilthickened with Ethylene/Propylene/Styrene Copolymer &Butylene/Ethylene/Styrene copolymer (Penreco, Woodlands, Texas) (6) SnowWhite Petrolatum USP (Penreco) (7) Protopet Liquid petrolatum(Sonneborn, Mahwah, NJ) melting point 46.67 C. (116 F.) and viscosity of740 cps at 32 C. (Brookfield, Spindle 5, 20 rpm @ 32 C.). (8) includescolors, active agents, beads, etc.

EXAMPLE 3

Comparative example L and control M were formulated according to Tablebelow and their reflectance and particle size distribution was measuredcompared to inventive composition B and illustrated in FIG. 3. Example Bwas made via the in-line injection process shown in FIG. 1. Example L ismade by a conventional batch process described below and containssoybean oil and liquid crystalline structurant lauric acid. Example Lshowed a noticeable shift to smaller particle size and higherreflectance compared to inventive example B, believed to be due in partto the smaller Petrolatum particles below 10 microns in sizedeleteriously affecting product appearance.

The aqueous base formula used for control example M without thePetrolatum preblend shows a particle size range 1 to 100 microns. Theseparticles are believed to consist of individual or aggregated polymerand surfactant (e.g. SLES/copolymer) particles that did not completelydisperse and/or dissolve. The addition of the Petrolatum preblend viainjection process (example B) clearly shows a larger particle sizedistribution range of 100 to 1000 microns representative of the addedPetrolatum particles.

TABLE 5 Wt. % Component L M SLES (1) 10.00 9.00 CMEA (2) 1.15 1.15Cocamidopropyl 4.00 1.70 Betaine Acrylate Copolymer (3) 0 1.8 SodiumHydroxide 0 0.1 Lauric Acid 3.1 0 Soybean Oil 3 0 Petrolatum (6) 3 0Glycerin 1 0 Guar 0.7 0 Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride Fragrance 1 1Preservatives, others 2 2 Water q.s. to 100 q.s. to 100 Reflectance (%)80.94 44.03

Process for making example L:

-   -   1. To main mix tank add 1383 parts of DI water and heat to 65 C    -   2. Add 150 parts White petrolatum, 165 parts lauric acid, 15        parts PEG 8 Stearate, 100 parts Cocamide MEA with mixing.    -   3. Heat to 80 C.    -   4. In a recirculation loop at a ratio of 3:1, inject 100 parts        Cocamidopropropyl betaine, 714 parts SLES 1 EO 70% at >65 C. and        mix 10 minutes.    -   5. Begin cooling to 35 C.    -   6. Inject 614 parts Cocamidopropyl betaine and 1328 parts DI        water, mix 10 minutes.    -   7. Add 50 parts Glycerin    -   8. In a separate tank A add 100 parts DI water, 5 parts Citric        Acid anhydrous and 2 parts Titanium Dioxide and mix until        homogenous.    -   9. In a separate tank B add 150 parts Soybean oil and 35 parts        Guar hydroxypropyltrimonium    -   10. Add the contents of tanks A and B to the main mix tank with        recirculation.    -   11. Cool to <44 C.    -   12. Add 9 parts DMDM Hydantoin, 6 parts Tetrasodium EDTA, 39%        0.5 parts Isostearic Acid, and 5 parts of color solution.    -   13. Add 65 parts of fragrance.    -   14. Continue recirculation for 20 minutes.

EXAMPLE 4

The effects of 1) aqueous and oil phase temperatures prior to blendingand 2) oil phase flow rate (directly proportional to injection pressure)on particle size distribution of inventive example B was studied (seeFIGS. 4 and 5). Particle size distribution was seen to vary withinnarrowly defined limits across the injection temperature and flow rates(pressures) studied.

More specifically, FIG. 4 compares results at 32 and 42 psig where theaverage particle size appears inversely proportional with pressure. FIG.5 shows an overall increase in Petrolatum particle size at reducedaqueous base temperature, i.e. larger Petrolatum particles at 60 C. vs.smaller Petrolatum particles at 65.5 C.

B4: Oil phase Temp 60 C., pressure at injection point 32 psig.

B5: Oil phase Temp 65.5 C., pressure at injection point 42 psig.

B6: Oil phase Temp 60 C., pressure at injection point 42 psig.

B7: Oil phase Temp 65.5 C., pressure at injection point 32 psig.

B8: Aqueous Base Temp 35 C., pressure at injection point 42 psig.

B9: Aqueous Base Temp 31 C., pressure at injection point 42 psig.

Samples B4 to B7; Aqueous Base Temp was 32 C.

Samples B8 and B9; the Oil phase temp was 60 C.

Sample Preparation Method:

Examples A-K were prepared as follows:

-   -   1. Charge water into the mixing vessel and begin heating to 57.2        C.    -   2. Add Aqua SF-1 into main vessel.    -   3. Add Sodium Laureth Sulfate and Cocamide MEA into vessel and        continue to heat to 76.7 C.    -   4. Add Tetrasodium EDTA into main beaker.    -   5. Add cocamidopropyl betaine into main vessel and continue to        mix.    -   6. Add sodium hydroxide and neutralize to pH=6.1-6.5.    -   7. Add polypropylene glycol diluent to reduce viscosity.    -   8. Add preservative and perfume.    -   9. At 35 C, check product viscosity, appearance, consistency and        add diluent as needed in order to attain desired viscosity.    -   10. Add Petrolatum (or other hydrophobic oil or fatty acid) into        main beaker, while maintaining low mixing speed (<100 rpm) with        an IKA® RW20 mixer (IKA Works, Inc., Germany); utilizing        Lightnin® A320 mixer blades, until Petrolatum (or other        hydrophobic oil or fatty acid) is uniformly dispersed.

Methods:

A) Reflectance Method

The Hunterlab Labscan XE spectrophotometer (Hunter AssociatesLaboratory, Inc., Reston, Va.) is used to determine product reflectanceas follows:

-   -   1. Using the 2″ port, standardize the equipment with both the        standard black and white tiles.    -   2. Using approximately 50 g of product, fill the sample holder        to a constant height for all samples.    -   3. Take measurement.    -   4. Repeat with multiple samples and average readings.

B) Particle Size Method:

Standard particle size (drop size) measurement protocol:

The particle size distribution of emollient oils in body wash prototypeis characterized by light diffraction measurement using a MalvernMastersizer® 2000 (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) at ambientconditions. The raw data analysis is conducted by the Mastersizer 2000software.

The preparation of samples is critical for light scattering measurement.Samples were pre-diluted with deionized water at a ratio of 1:1 toestimate actual shower conditions. The diluted sample was gently blendedand loaded into dispersion chamber whereby a well dispersed samplecontaining representative Petrolatum and other particles was measured.

Experimental Procedure:

1. The Malvern sample dispersion accessories, optical unit andMastersizer 2000 software are switched on in sequence.2. Allow the system to automatically clean the sample dispersionaccessory, align the optical system, measure the optical background,calculate the size distribution and save the records.3. For each experiment, 10 experiment cycles are performed with 5 seconddelay between each cycle. The averaged results are reported 4. Set fornormal sensitivity and irregular particle shape to calculate the dropsize distribution. The refractive index of petrolatum is 1.4847 andwater is 1.3300.5. Add deionized water to clean the sample accessory until the lasersignal intensity reaches 80% or above.6. Add sample into the accessory until obscuration bar reaches mid valuein green region. If sample is very viscous, pre-dispersion may be neededbefore adding to the accessory.7. Perform the measurement.

C) Viscosity Measurement

This method covers the measurement of viscosity discussed herein. It isalso used to measure the degree of structuring of the product.

Apparatus:

-   -   Brookfield RVT Viscometer;    -   Chuck weight and closer assembly for RV attachment;    -   RV-Spindle 5;    -   Plastic cups diameter greater than 2.5 inches

Procedure:

-   1. Verify that the viscometer is level by referring to the bubble    levels on the back of the instrument.-   2. Connect the chuck/closer/weight assembly to the viscometer-   3. Clean Spindle 5 with deionized water and pat dry with a Kimwipe®    sheet. Slide the spindle in the closer and tighten.-   4. Set the rotation speed at 20 RPM. In case of a digital    viscometer (DV) select the % mode and press autozero with the motor    switch on.-   5. Place the product in a plastic cup with inner diameter of greater    than 2.5 inches. The height of the product in the cup should be at    least 3 inches. The temperature of the product should be 25° C.    unless stated otherwise herein.-   6. Lower the spindle into the product.-   7. Start the viscometer.-   8. Run the viscometer for 1 minute.-   9. Multiply the dial readings by a factor of 2,000 and report    viscosity readings in cps.

While this invention has been described with respect to particularembodiments thereof, it is apparent that numerous other forms andmodifications of the invention will be obvious to those skilled in theart. The appended claims and this invention generally should beconstrued to cover all such obvious forms and modifications which arewithin the true spirit and scope of the present invention.

1. A stable, multiphase isotropic cleansing composition, comprising: a.about 99 to 84% by wt. of water based on the total composition; b. about1 to 16% by wt. of Petrolatum having a melting point between 35 and 80C. and a minimum viscosity of 10 Kps at 32 C, wherein the concentrationis based on the total composition; c. wherein the aqueous phase includesabout 1 to 25% by wt. of a non-soap anionic surfactant and about 1 to20% by wt. of an amphoteric surfactant based on the total composition;d. wherein the aqueous phase contains about 0.5 to 10% by wt. of totalpolymeric dispersion stabilizing agent(s) based on the totalcomposition; e. less than about 2% by wt. of total hydrophobicglyceride(s), hydrocarbon(s) excluding Petrolatum, or silicone oils orblends and derivatives thereof based on the total composition; and f.less than about 1.5% by wt. of total liquid crystalline structurant(s),crystalline hydroxyl-containing stabilizer(s), C10-C22 ethylene glycolfatty acid ester(s), silica(s), clay(s) or blends thereof based on thetotal composition.
 2. The cleansing composition of claim 1 wherein thecomposition contains only an aqueous and an oil phase.
 3. The cleansingcomposition of claim 1 having a maximum reflectance of 80% as measuredby the standard reflectance method.
 4. The cleansing composition ofclaim 1 wherein greater than 50% by volume of the Petrolatum phaseparticles have a diameter greater than 50 microns as measured by thestandard particle size method.
 5. A process of preparing a stable,multiphase isotropic cleansing composition, comprising the steps of inno particular order: a. blending water, surfactant(s), and polymericdispersion stabilizing agent(s)until uniform to make an oil-free,transparent, isotropic aqueous preblend; b. feeding the aqueous preblendinto a blending tube, the aqueous preblend moving through the blendingtube at a rate from about 22.7 to about 113.7 kg (50-250 lbs.) perminute; and c. feeding Petrolatum with a melting point between 35 and 80C. and a minimum viscosity of 10 Kps at 32 C. into the blending tube viaa multiport injector at a rate sufficient to form a blend with a wt. %ratio range of about 1% Petrolatum to 99% aqueous preblend to about 16%Petrolatum to 84% aqueous preblend.
 6. The process of claim 5 whereinthe temperature of the aqueous preblend is adjusted to about 4° C. orless and the temperature of the Petrolatum is adjusted within the rangeof 50 to 70 C. prior to blending.
 7. The process of claim 5 wherein themultiport injector has a minimum of 3 conduit ports.
 8. The process ofclaim 7 wherein the ports of the multiport injector are arranged in asymmetric pattern.